Apply Legal and Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice Essay Example for Free

Apply Legal and Ethical Parameters to Nursing Practice Essay 1. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (The National Law 2009) has great importance on the governance of the conduct of registered and enrolled nurses. The National Law allows national boards to manage the development of health profession standards. The National Law has requirement for national boards to enterprise wide range consultation on registration standards, codes and guidelines. The National Law organise a national scheme which include registration arrangement, accreditation arrangement, complaints, conducts, health and performance arrangements, privacy and information-sharing arrangement and transitional arrangements. 2. (a). Two legislations that mandate nurses to report to nominated government authorities where elderly people and/or children in their care are at risk of harm from others are Australian Health Practitioner Regulation National Law (2009) Children and Community services amendment act 2008 (b). These acts are state act, which can vary state or territory wide in Australia. (c). These legislations make ENs aware to provide safe environment and keep away elderly people and children from any harm by reporting to nominated government. This legislation helps to reduce some professionals to be involved in some cases. It is legal requirement for ENs to report all reasonable beliefs of any risk of harm for elderly people and/or children. 3. Four domains of the National Competency Standards for Enrolled Nurse are: (a) Professional and Ethical practices: Enrolled Nurses work according to legislation, policies and procedures to demonstrate knowledge of legislation and common law, organizational policies and procedure, fulfill the duty of care, report practices that may breach legislations, polices and procedures. ENs performs in ethical way, respect the rights of individual and groups, and accept accountability and responsibility for own actions within enrolled nursing practices. (b) Critical thinking and analysis: Enrolled nurses establish critical thinking to perform enrolled  nursing practice by assessing own performance through nursing standards, by self professional development, by own care. (c) Management of care: Enrolled nurses participate to form care plans with RN through accurate data collection and report of health and functional status of individuals and groups, through identification of expected healthcare outcomes, through evaluation of progress of individuals and groups to achieve expected outcomes with RN. ENs manage nursing care of individuals and groups by implementing planned nursing care to get identified outcomes, by recognizing any change in health and functional status, report and document it accurately and on time. (d) Enabling: Enrolled nurses promote safety, security and personal integrity of individuals and groups, which include their actions of safety, create and maintain effective communication, applying strategies for promotion of self-esteem of individual and groups, actions to maintain dignity and integrity of individuals and groups. Enrolled nurses provide support and care to individuals and groups and participate with members of healthcare team to achieve effective healthcare outcomes. 4. The NMBA new Code of Ethics August 2008 define the nursing profession’s commitment to respect, promote, protect and support the fundamental rights od receiver and provider of nursing and healthcare. Its impact on practice of enrolled nurses is to: Provide quality nursing care, taking action on reasonable ground Respect the individual’s ethical values with gentleness Understand different culture and languages influence the nursing and healthcare Demonstrate the ability to reasonably and equitably provide services depends on needs, social standings, ethnicity, age, race, level of income, gender Support culture of safety because safety is everyone’s responsibility Document all information accurately, non-judgmentally and relevant to health, acre and treatment of a person and should be confidential Prevent, minimize and overcome the harmful effect of economic, social or ecological factors on health Promote and maintain the trust between nurse care receiver Perform ethically 5. The purpose of NMBA new code of Professional Conduct August 2008 for nurses is to: Specify a base to consumer, regulatory, employing and professional bodies for evaluating professional conduct of nurses Form a set of minimum national standards of conduct, nurses are supposed to support Inform the community of standards of professional conduct, it can sustain nurses in Australia References: 1. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 27 October 2009, consultation paper on registration standards and related matters, viewed 16 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 2. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, 2010, Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Law 2009, viewed 16 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 3. Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, 2014, Mandatory notification, viewed 15 August 2014, www.ahpra.gov.au 4. Australian Institute of Family Studies, 8 August 2014, What is mandatory reporting?, viewed 15 August 2014, www.aifs.gov.au 5. Hughson, J, 2013, ‘Nursing: Historical, present and future perspectives’, The Tabbner’s Nursing Care (6th edition), Kesteven S., Libby Houston, Chatswood, NSW, pp. 11-12 6. Australian Nursing Midwifery Council, 2008, Codes of professional conduct and ethics for nurses and midwives in Australia, viewed 17 August 2014, http://dlb.sa.edu.au/tsftfmoodle/pluginfile.php/998/mod_resource/content/0/COMMUNICAT E_AND_WORK_EFFECTIVELY_IN_HEALTH/element_1/ANMCwebsiteversion.pdf 7. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 2014, Codes of Professional conduct for nurses in Australia, viewed 17 August 2014, www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au 8. Nursing and midwifery board of Australia, 2014, Codes of Ethics for nurse august 2008, viewed 17 August 2014, www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au

Abortion :: essays research papers

Abortion is one of the most controversial issues around, and is an issue that will never be agreed upon. By bringing morals into the question of whether it should be legal to have abortions, this issue has been elevated to a higher level. By some people, it is no longer looked at as a question of choice but as a question of morality, and these concepts have led to a full-blown debate over something that really should not be questioned. Every woman in America has the right to decide what to do with their bodies. No government or group of people should feel that they have the right to dictate to a person what path their lives should take. People who say that they are "pro-life" are in effect no more than "anti-choice". These pro-lifers want to put the life and future of a woman into the hands of the government. At the time, which the fetus is aborted, it is not a being with personality. Anyone would agree to the fact that it is alive and human, however, it is also true that it is no more a person than a tree would be. Though the fetus may be a large grouping of human cells, with the potential to become more than that, at the state of development which the fetus has reached at the time of abortion, it is not a person and therefore should not be looked at as such. W hen does the fetus become a person? Though the legal moment at which the fetus is looked at for the first time as a human being is deemed to be at the instant that it is born, the difference between an eight- week premature infant and a 24-week-old fetus is virtually nonexistent. So should the fetus be regarded as a person, or should the premature baby still be regarded as a fetus? Thus arises the statement by the pro-life side of the argument that should not the fact that we are unable to pinpoint with absolute certainty the precise moment when a fetus suddenly develops a personality means that we ought to do away with the process until such a time that we are able to ascertain that persons are not being murdered. This argument will go on for quite some time, and is but one in a list of reasons why the pro-life supporters take the standpoint that they do.

Cotton Research Paper

Ralph Lauren Polo Shirt Ralph Lauren polo shirts have been in production since the 1970s. I am writing about polo shirts because I own many of them in different colors so I am interested in how they are made. Polos are composed of 100% cotton. I like to wear these shirts mainly because they are comfortable and look good, but also because they are easy to maintain. Cotton is machine washable and can also be dried in a standard dryer, even though they may shrink if over-dried. Cotton is made up of fibrous cellulose, which is a carbohydrate, and the molecular makeup is a long chain of glucose molecules.Glucose molecules are made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen with reactive hydroxyl groups. There are as many as 10,000 glucose monomers per molecule. The molecular chains are arranged in long spiral linear chains within the fiber. The strength of a fiber is directly related to chain length. Hydrogen bonding occurs between cellulose chains in a cotton fiber. Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydroxyl groups within the chain are polar, meaning the electrons surrounding the atoms are not evenly distributed.As a consequence, hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl group are attracted to many of the oxygen atoms of the cellulose. The bonding of hydrogen within the fibrils causes the molecules to draw closer together which increases the strength of the fiber. Cotton's comfort and absorbency is also due to hydrogen bonding. A picture of cotton's chemical structure is shown below. Cotton is a natural fiber and is grown in temperate climates. Cotton plants live for at least two years in good conditions which makes it a perennial crop. Geographically, Antarctica is the only continent where cotton is not grown.In the United States, cotton has been continually produced for hundreds of years, mainly in the southeastern region but also throughout the southern part of the country stretching all the way to California. Cotton is considered a stable investment since it has long seasons which can get up to half a year in profitable income, making cotton a primary choice for farmers as long as they live in a region with an appropriate climate. Once farmers have successfully grown the cotton plant, they use one of two different methods to harvest their fields.The most common method involves the ‘cotton picker' which does not damage the plant. They also have the option of using whats called a ‘cotton stripper,' but this method makes the cotton more polluted with leaves and stems which requires more cleaning. Once the cotton is picked, it moves on to the cotton gin where on average about 40 bales of cotton per hour are processed. An invention by Eli Whitney, the cotton gin dries out the cotton to remove excess moisture and also to filter out unwanted debree.Next, the fibers are run through circular saws that filter out smaller debree such as seeds that may have gotten through the first part of the process. Finally, once the cotton has completed the ginning process, it is shipped in bales weighing 500 pounds each to textile mills for fabric production. An example of a standard cotton gin is pictured below. The cotton polo that I chose for my paper went through the process of knitting. Knitting can occur on a circular machine which causes the cotton to be processed into a long tube-like fabric, or on a flat bed. Polo shirts are made using the latter process.This is apparent because there are seams connecting the different parts of the shirt, meaning that it was not made from one continuous thread of cotton. There are other methods to transforming cotton into a fabric. Weaving is another popular method, but the fabric produced from weaving is not as flexible as the fabric produced from knitting. Below is an example of a flat bed knitting machine. Cotton is a very popular choice for clothing production. It has been used for thousands of years and many every day items that people use are also made out at least in some part of cotton.The fabric is e asy to maintain, and it is very breathable and soft when worn, making it an ideal choice for not only clothes but anything from pillows to bed sheets to medical products such as gauze. To give an example of how often cotton is used to produce clothing, over 70% of all men's clothing is composed of the fiber. This is due to the fact that cotton is very easy to process and handle, and has many retainable qualities that keep the clothing items intact and looking like new for years if treated with a reasonable amount of care. To clean my polo, I can throw it in the washing machine and also into the dryer afterward.Cotton has a tendency to shrink if dried for too long which is one of the only drawbacks. Cotton also has such advantages as having high absorbency, retaining dyes well, and being easy to handle and knit. Cotton is so widely used around the world that it has it has its own terms of measurement. ‘Cotton count' is used to denote 840 yards per 1 pound of cotton. This is an unusual term of measurement because it measures the length of the cotton instead of its weight. Terms that specifically measure the weight of fibers are the denier and the tex.These measurements apply to all fibers, not specifically cotton. One denier is approximately nine kilograms per meter, while the tex is a ninth of that total at one kilogram per meter. Different parts of the world interchangeably use these two units of measurement. The United States and England use deniers while Canada and most other parts of Europe prefer the tex unit. In conclusion, Ralph Lauren's polo shirts are one of my favorite pieces of clothing that I currently own. They are very comfortable and easy to maintain. This is due to the versatility and quality of the cotton fiber.Not only is it easy to maintain, but also has a fairly cheap production cost and has a huge demand among all types of consumers. That being said, it is no wonder that cotton has been at the top of the list of fibers used for clothi ng for thousands of years.Works Cited Understanding Textiles Collier, Billie J. , Bide, Martin, and Tortora, Phyllis G. Understanding Textiles. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. 2001. Print. Cotton. org http://www. cotton. org/pubs/cottoncounts/fieldtofabric/uses. cfm Wikipedia http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cotton Cotton Manufacturing http://www. oldandsold. com/articles04/textiles6. shtml

The Lyrics And Music Of The Beloved Hymn - 2606 Words

The lyrics and music of the beloved hymn â€Å"Blessed Assurance† have been popular with most protestant denominations since it was first published in July of 1873. The music was written by Phoebe P. Knapp with lyrics written by blind hymn writer Fanny J. Crosby. The lyrics Crosby wrote are based upon Hebrews 10:22, â€Å"Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water (King James Version). It is due to its message of certainty that the hymn has been included in nearly every denominational hymnal in America. Include the lyrics as an attachment to your assignment (i.e., this does Not contribute to the total length of the paper). Also include a reproduction (tape, CD, or internet link where the song may be heard) of the song with your assignment (to be returned to you). Background Information Why This Song Blessed assurance, Jesus is mine! Oh what a foretaste of Glory divine! It is in the lyrics of this hymn that my earliest memories from childhood recall the joy of knowing for certain that I as a sinner was saved from my own inherited nature of disobedience by the work of Christ alone. That I didn’t have to rely on my own fallibilities and that my eternal future was certain because of my faith in Christ’s infallible work on the cross. Like many Christians, we all too often hear of people who doubt that there exists the possibility of being sure whether or not one is saved orShow MoreRelatedThe Lyrics And Music Of The Beloved Hymn2515 Words   |  11 PagesBiographical Information The lyrics and music of the beloved hymn â€Å"Blessed Assurance† have been popular with most protestant denominations since it was first published in July of 1873. Phoebe P. Knapp composed the music and Fanny J. Crosby penned the lyrics. 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Sometimes he saw nature as one, as an individual and at another time he saw nature not as one being but as many beings as men of mythologicalRead More The Emotions of Captivity in Psalm 137 Essay4605 Words   |  19 Pages The book of Psalms contains some of the most beloved pieces of scripture across centuries and cultures of this world. Psalms have been frequently cited is sermons, devotionals, movies, poetry, and songs. Most often, Psalms are attributed to King David of the 10th century BCE. But regardless of the authorship of the different psalms, each seem to carry a special place in describing human relationships to God, to country, to friends, to enemies and more. As time has progressed, certain psalms